Lesson 3 of 20 · Decision Making
PuzzleintermediateDecision Making — Evaluation
What You'll Learn
Key Concept: Evaluation
Think About This
A historical event involved a failure of evaluation. Analyze what went wrong, what cognitive biases were at play, and what could have been done differently.
Thinking Steps
Frame the Question
Define the core question about evaluation precisely. What assumptions are built into how it's framed?
Assess Evidence
What evidence exists? Rate each piece as strong, moderate, or weak. Note gaps.
Generate Hypotheses
Develop at least 3 possible explanations or solutions. Include one unconventional option.
Evaluate Systematically
Test each hypothesis against the evidence. What are the trade-offs? What are the risks?
Think Ahead
If your conclusion is correct, what are the second-order effects? What implications follow?
State Your Position
Present your conclusion with confidence level (%), key reasons, and what could prove you wrong.
Metacognitive Check
What biases might have influenced you? Did you use the right thinking framework? What would you research further?
Key Points
Understand evaluation
Practice decision making daily
Apply thinking skills to real-world situations
Key Vocabulary
Sunk Cost Fallacy
Continuing something because of past investment rather than future value
Second-Order Effects
The consequences of consequences — what happens after the immediate result
Expected Value
The average outcome when you multiply probability by payoff
Regret Minimization
Making choices that minimize future regret rather than maximizing current comfort
Why This Matters in Real Life
The decision making frameworks you're learning are applied daily in business strategy, scientific research, public policy, and personal decision-making.
Talk About It
Discuss these questions with a friend, parent, or classmate.
- 1Find a current event that illustrates evaluation in action. What can we learn from it?
- 2What are the limitations of this thinking framework? When might it lead you astray?
- 3How would someone from a completely different background or culture approach this differently?
- 4Design a challenge or game that would help someone practice this skill.
Check Your Understanding
Question 1
1 of 3What is the main idea of evaluation?
