Medieval Europe: Feudalism and Castles

Medieval Europe, characterized by the feudal system, was a period defined by decentralized political structures and social hierarchies. Lords and vassals formed the backbone of feudal society, with land ownership determining power and status. Castles served as fortifications for lords and their families but also as centers of administration and local governance. During this time, the Catholic Church played a crucial role in societal organization, influencing both spiritual and temporal matters. The cultural achievements of the medieval period, including art, literature, and architecture, laid the groundwork for the Renaissance and subsequent developments in European history.