Medieval Europe: Feudalism and Castles

Medieval Europe was marked by the feudal system, which structured society into a hierarchy of lords, vassals, and serfs. This system emerged after the fall of the Roman Empire and was characterized by the exchange of land for military service. Castles became symbols of power and protection, serving as both residences for lords and fortifications against invasions. The feudal system had profound effects on social organization, economy, and culture during the Middle Ages, shaping the trajectory of European history.