Making Inferences: Text Clues Plus What You Know

Draw logical conclusions by combining details in the text with your own knowledge.

An inference is a conclusion you reach by combining clues in the text with what you already know. A useful formula is: text clue + background knowledge = inference. Read: 'Amir wiped his forehead, refilled his water bottle for the third time, and moved his chair into the shade of the oak tree. ' The text never says it is hot. But wiping sweat, drinking repeatedly, and seeking shade are clues; you know these are things people do in heat. Inference: it is a very hot day, and Amir is uncomfortable.

Strong inferences have two qualities. They are supported, meaning you can point to specific clues. And they are reasonable, meaning they do not stretch beyond the evidence. 'Amir is sunburned and needs a doctor' goes too far; nothing in the text supports a medical emergency. When you make an inference, always be ready to answer the question, 'What in the text makes you think so? '

• 1Text clue + background knowledge = inference.
• 2Strong inferences are supported by specific clues.
• 3Do not stretch beyond what the evidence shows.