Adding and Cause Signals: Furthermore, Moreover, Consequently, Thus

Recognize transitions that add support or signal a result.

Other signal words tell you the writer is piling on support or drawing a result. Addition signals include 'furthermore', 'moreover', 'in addition', and 'additionally'. They mean the next point goes in the same direction, usually adding weight: 'The bridge is unsafe. Moreover, repairs would cost more than a new one. ' 'Moreover' often introduces an even stronger point. Result signals include 'consequently', 'therefore', 'thus', 'as a result', and 'hence'.

They tell you the next idea follows from the previous one: 'The river froze early. Consequently, the boats stayed in port. ' Recognizing these words lets you map an argument while reading: addition signals stack reasons; result signals reach conclusions. If you read 'thus' and the conclusion does not actually follow from what came before, you have found a weak spot in the reasoning. Good readers use these signals both to follow the writer and to check the writer.

• 1Furthermore, moreover, and in addition add support.
• 2Consequently, therefore, thus, and hence signal a result.
• 3Use signals to map and check an argument.