Solutions
10th Grade Science · 6 lessons
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Lessons in this unit
- 1Solute, Solvent and SolutionThe solute dissolves, the solvent does the dissolving, and together they form a solution. Dissolving is a physical change: the solute particles disperse between solvent particles but are chemically unaltered, which is why evaporation recovers them.Experiment
- 2Solubility and TemperatureMost solids dissolve better in hot solvent, because faster particles break the lattice apart more readily. Gases do the opposite — they dissolve better cold, which is why a warm fizzy drink goes flat quickly and why warm rivers hold less oxygen.Experiment
- 3Separating Mixtures: Filtration and CrystallisationFiltration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid: the residue stays on the paper and the filtrate passes through. Crystallisation recovers a dissolved solid by evaporating solvent slowly, allowing an ordered lattice to grow.Experiment
- 4Distillation and ChromatographySimple distillation separates a solvent from a dissolved solid by boiling and condensing. Fractional distillation separates liquids with different boiling points. Chromatography separates dissolved substances by how strongly each is attracted to the paper versus the solvent.Experiment
- 5Water Treatment and PurityA pure substance in chemistry contains only one substance and melts at a single sharp temperature; a mixture melts over a range. Drinking water is not pure in that sense — it is filtered, sedimented and sterilised, but still contains dissolved salts.Experiment
- 6Solubility Rules and PrecipitationAll nitrates are soluble, and most sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are too. Most carbonates and hydroxides are not. Mixing two solutions whose exchange would produce an insoluble salt forms a precipitate, which is the basis of many ion tests.Experiment
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