Habitats

Habitats provide everything an organism needs to survive: food, water, shelter, and space. Different habitats like forests, deserts, and oceans support different types of life.

A food chain shows how energy passes from one organism to another. Producers like plants capture energy from the sun, herbivores eat the plants, and carnivores eat the herbivores.

Plants reproduce through seeds or spores. Flowering plants produce seeds inside fruits, while conifers produce seeds in cones. Ferns and mosses reproduce using tiny spores.

Vertebrates have backbones and include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Invertebrates lack backbones and include insects, spiders, worms, and jellyfish.

Plants need sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and nutrients from soil to grow. Their roots absorb water and minerals while their leaves capture sunlight for photosynthesis.

Seeds contain a tiny plant embryo and a food supply. When conditions are right—enough water, warmth, and oxygen—the seed germinates and a new plant begins to grow.