The Industrial Revolution in Europe

The Industrial Revolution, which started in the late 18th century in Britain, marked a transformative shift from agrarian economies to industrialized societies. This period was characterized by the introduction of machinery and the factory system, which revolutionized production methods and increased efficiency.

Innovations such as the steam engine and the spinning jenny facilitated mass production of goods, leading to urbanization as people moved to cities for work. While the Industrial Revolution brought economic growth and improved living standards for some, it also introduced challenges, including labor exploitation and environmental degradation.