Indigenous Peoples Before Columbus

Prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, the Americas were home to diverse Indigenous peoples, each with distinct cultures, languages, and social structures. For thousands of years, civilizations such as the Mississippian, Ancestral Puebloans, and the Iroquois Confederacy thrived, developing complex societies that engaged in agriculture, trade, and governance.

These Indigenous groups had deep connections to their lands, which were integral to their spiritual beliefs and daily lives. Understanding the rich tapestry of Indigenous cultures prior to European contact is crucial for recognizing the profound impact of colonization that would follow.