Summarizing an Argument Without Distorting It

Write a fair, concise summary of an argument that preserves its claim, reasons, and qualifications.

Summarizing an argument fairly is harder than it looks. A good summary states the thesis, the main reasons, and any important qualifications, using neutral reporting verbs such as 'argues,' 'contends,' or 'acknowledges. ' It avoids your own evaluation and avoids loaded verbs like 'admits' or 'claims without proof,' which smuggle in judgment. Consider an original article arguing that cities should limit car traffic downtown, citing air quality and pedestrian safety, while conceding that delivery access must be protected.

A distorted summary: 'The author wants to ban cars and ignores businesses. ' A fair summary: 'The author argues that cities should restrict downtown car traffic to improve air quality and pedestrian safety, while acknowledging the need to preserve access for deliveries. ' The fair version keeps the qualification, which is often the first thing a biased summary drops. A useful test: would the original author agree that your summary represents their position accurately? If not, revise.

• 1Include the thesis, main reasons, and qualifications.
• 2Use neutral reporting verbs.
• 3Test: would the author accept your summary?