Lab Skills
10th Grade Science · 5 lessons
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Lessons in this unit
- 1Hazard Symbols and Safe PracticeStandard pictograms warn of corrosive, flammable, toxic, oxidising and harmful substances. Reading them before you open a bottle, and knowing what each demands — goggles, gloves, fume cupboard, no flames — is the first skill of any chemist.Experiment
- 2Using a Bunsen BurnerWith the air hole closed a Bunsen gives a luminous yellow safety flame, visible and cool. Opening it gives a roaring blue flame that is hotter and much harder to see — which is exactly why you close the hole whenever the burner is not in use.Experiment
- 3Accurate Measurement of Volume and MassRead a liquid volume at the bottom of the meniscus with your eye level with the mark. Use a pipette for a fixed accurate volume and a burette for a variable one. Weighing by difference — before and after transfer — avoids the error left by residue in the boat.Experiment
- 4Testing for IonsFlame tests identify metal ions by colour: lithium red, sodium yellow, potassium lilac, calcium orange-red, copper green. Sodium hydroxide gives coloured precipitates for transition metals, and silver nitrate distinguishes the halides by precipitate colour.Experiment
- 5Recording, Tabulating and ReportingA good results table has the independent variable in the first column, headed with its unit, repeats side by side and a mean column. Record what you observed, not what you expected, and state uncertainties. A result you cannot reproduce from your own notes is not a result.Lesson
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